适用场景:大学新生适应演讲、城市文化体验演讲
演讲要点:文化冲击与适应过程、奥运志愿者经历、城市归属感建立
行文逻辑:描述现状→讲述经历→表达感受→总结价值
in a wooden cabin near lake walden, henry david thoreau lived alone. he thought: “there is no great value to be had by rubbing shoulders with the mass of humanity.” though thoreau never lived in a megacity, he captured precisely one of its characters --- urban life is largely about “shoulder rubbing”. i came to beijing 3 years ago, like what the writer says, it’s a city where the masses of humanity gather, but my life here is more than just confronting the huge crowds, actually i’ve found it be of great value.
as a freshman in college, i arrived in beijing, thrilled at the first sight of this dazzling city, but soon the gap between the capital and my small hometown gave me the culture shock. i lost the frequent contact with my old friends, same food was served in a different way, and the new taste wasn’t to my liking. in addition to my loss of appetite, i also lost my sense of direction, especially when i came to those sixteen–lane-wide crossroads. the sheer volume of the traffic, the density of the pedestrians, drove home to me the idea of a modern metropolis. like, the distance from my dormitory to the nearest wall-mart, back in my small hometown, that would cover the full length of the entire business district. and i am not proud to admit that i was disoriented.
now three years have passed as the city keeps on growing. philosopher herbert spencer says “life is the continuous adjustment of internal relations to external relations”, so i gradually adapted myself to get along and grow together with the city. there is no fear of getting lost, since many city maps are displayed in public, and i feel free to ask for help. once i even run into this old man who not only pointed out the way for me, but also briefed me the interesting history of the place that i was looking for. what is particularly worth mentioning is that when the summer olympics was held in beijing, i got the chance to be a volunteer. working with foreign delegations, my job involves being a personal assistant and tour guide plus doing interpretation. my shoulders were not only “rubbed” but heavily loaded with responsibility. yet when people told me the genuine “thank you”, their smiling faces and the joy of *** new friends led me to find a valuable thing here---a strong sense of achievement. besides, wearing the blue t-shirt, seeing it everywhere within the city, i knew i was a member of the one hundred thousand volunteers, an intrinsic part of the city.
whether it’s in the tranquility of countryside or the hustle and bustle of a modern city, people come and leave, always seeking for a better life. i’ve fall in love with the city because of its vitality and the hospitality of its people. and i am happily surprised by the change that this city has brought to my life.
适用场景:职场培训、商务沟通
演讲要点:演示封面页设计要素、视觉辅助使用规范、观众互动策略
行文逻辑:介绍背景→列出步骤→强调理念→说明要点→总结提升
大多欧美企业都非常重视presentation skills,不懂得这一点,是许多在外企工作的人认为自己怀才不遇的原因。我不敢自称presentation高手,但我深谙外企presentation之道,这不是自吹自擂,而是十年外企工作经验的所得。
所谓presentation,不一定非是powerpoint presentation不可。外企对管理人员的衡量指标之一有一个selling skill,其实大多便是从presentation里面得来的印象。外企看重的presentation是所有外企员工展示自己能力好的平台,不懂得这个道理便做不好presentation.
不论是怎样的presentation,目的都一样——说服别人接受某一个观点,告诉别人他们不了解的事。下面从技术上谈谈几个步骤及要点:
1. title page或front page(封面/首页)
以powerpoint为例,一个好的presentation的封面页上要有以下几个要素:
(1)演示题目(长度不超过一行的60%,如太长,应精简文字或设为两行。三行为大忌。)
(2)副标题(不一定要有)
(3)演示人姓名:常用的排版方式是全居中,也可以采用full block或half block,但要与选用的powerpoint template背景配合。
(4)日期
2. introduction(简介)
演示内容的简要介绍。
3. agenda(演示专题目录)
这一点至关重要,目的是给听众一个清晰的脉络,给人条理性强的印象。但agenda的页面排版要注意:好不要超过6行,每行注意长度不要超过页面一行的80%,保证页面整体的视觉效果清晰。
4. 演示正文页面
字数忌太多。注意给页面给白,并且要按照信息的重要性排好次序,每行字数不要差别太大。正文页面不要使用全局中方式。有一种理论说,每行不要超过6个字,有一定的道理,但不一定。
5. 目录页插入
根据演示进程插入刚开始时的目录页,标明进程。以免观众忘记脉络。
6. visual aid
适当使用视觉辅助手段很重要,但不要太多,以免喧宾夺主。所谓视觉辅助指的不是office自带的那些剪贴画,而是各种图形、图标等。office的各种图标也尽量不要使用。
7. 动画效果与transition
office页面动画效果要慎用。除非某个页面有特别强调内容,也不要使用页面转换动画效果。这些都是不专业的表现。
以上是powerpoint页面制作技术层面的要点,更重要的是演示时的理念。
第一,要明确做演示的目的。
如果是培训,要大量使用visual aid,否则枯燥的文字内容很难吸引听众的注意力。
如果是工作汇报,要通过各种指标的分析(使用分析图表和图形),引出分析结果。
第二,语速要变化。这一点不必多说。
第三,不要背对观众。许多做powerpoint演示的人常犯的错误是看屏幕的时间太多,与观众的目光交流太少。给人以看录像的感觉,而容易使观众忽视演示人的表现。还要注意目光交流不能偏颇,防止部分观众感到被忽视。
第四,适当发问。这是防止观众跑神的方法,但不能使用过多。
第五,切忌照屏幕念稿。演示的内容绝不等于屏幕显示的那些字,否则观众用不了三页就没人看演示人了。演示的全过程中始终要让观众的眼睛盯在演示人身上,而不是屏幕上。需要观众看屏幕时要及时提示。这样,观众始终被演示人引导着,演示效果好,同时加深了演示人的形象。
第六,观察观众的反应,及时解惑,防止迷惑的观众注意力流失。
第七,演示人body language
常见的演示错误是演示人手持打印稿按照演示顺序念,观众或看屏幕,或看发放的稿子,纯粹是传达文字,效果差。好的presentation是在做到了第五点的基础上用适当的身体语言与观众达成长久的互动交流。
第八,演示过程中不要加入过多自己的评论。
第九,所有演示援引数字、资料要注明出处。跟写学术论文一个道理。
掌握了这些要点,每次的presentation都是你全面展示自己才能的平台了。大多数美国人从幼儿园开始就会做presentation了,而国人大多不善于用这种形式表现。我接触的中国企业,没有一个能做出像样的presentation的,这是他们始终是“不成熟”企业的原因之一。
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